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Recently, as severe earthquake occurred one after another in different countries and caused huge losses of human life and properties, high buildings isolation and resistance have received great attention. Therefore, studies on buildings isolation performance in actual structure are significant. In this paper, an approach based on the extended Kalman estimator and least-squares estimation of unknown excitation is proposed to identify the nonlinear property of isolation layer without theoretical model. Firstly， structure parameters such as stiffness and damping are identified under minor earthquake. Then, nonlinear properties of isolation layer are identified under severe earthquake. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach is capable of identifying the nonlinear property with good accuracy. So the isolation performance can be effectively recognized through the changing of the hysteresis force.