Abstract—Denial of Service attacks are presenting an increasing threat to the global inter-networking infrastructure. While TCP’s congestion control algorithm is highly robust to diverse network conditions, its implicit assumption of end-system cooperation results in a well-known vulnerability to attack by high-rate non-responsive fl ows. In this paper, we investigate a class of low-rate denial of service attacks which, unlike high-rate attacks, are diffi cult for routers and counter-DoS mechanisms to detect. Using a combination of analytical modeling, simulations, and Internet experiments, we show that maliciously chosen low-rate DoS traffi c patterns that exploit TCP’s retransmission timeout mechanism can throttle TCP fl ows to a small fraction of their ideal rate while eluding detection. Moreover, as such attacks exploit protocol homogeneity, we study fundamental limits of the ability of a class of randomized timeout mechanisms to thwart such low-rate DoS attacks.

Low-Rate TCP-Targeted Denial of Service Attacks and Counter Strategies.pdf

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