DL : 0
IGMP Snooping（Internet Group Management Protocol Snooping）是运行
在二层以太网交换机上的组播约束机制，用于管理和控制组播组。
IGMP Snooping 运行在链路层。当二层以太网交换机收到主机和路由器之间
传递的IGMP 报文时，IGMP Snooping 分析IGMP 报文所带的信息。当监听
到主机发出的IGMP 主机报告报文（IGMP host report message）时，交换机
就将与该主机加入到相应的组播表中；当监听到主机发出的IGMP 离开报文
（IGMP leave message）时，交换机就将删除与该主机对应的组播表项。通
过不断地监控IGMP 报文，交换机就可以在二层建立和维护MAC组播地址表。
之后，交换机就可以根据MAC组播地址表进行转发从路由器下发的组播报文。
Date : 2009-01-13
Size : 203.29kb
User : pizicai105
DL : 0
这是一本讲解C语言的书，是英文编写，十分经典，是大部分公司的新职员入职之前必须要看的书籍之一，很多公司都以它作为培训教材，帮助你更快了解C语言的奥妙。 Contents l Preface l Preface to the first edition l Introduction 1. Chapter 1: A Tutorial Introduction 1. Getting Started 2. Variables and Arithmetic Expressions 3. The for statement 4. Symbolic Constants 5. Character Input and Output 1. File Copying 2. Character Counting 3. Line Counting 4. Word Counting 6. Arrays 7. Functions 8. Arguments - Call by Value 9. Character Arrays 10. External Variables and Scope 2. Chapter 2: Types, Operators and Expressions 1. Variable Names 2. Data Types and Sizes 3. Constants 4. Declarations 5. Arithmetic Operators 6. Relational and Logical Operators 7. Type Conversions 8. Increment and Decrement Operators 9. Bitwise Operators 10. Assignment Operators and Expressions 11. Conditional Expressions 12. Precedence and Order of Evaluation 3. Chapter 3: Control Flow 1. Statements and Blocks 2. If-Else 3. Else-If 4. Switch 5. Loops - While and For 6. Loops - Do-While 7. Break and Continue 8. Goto and labels 4. Chapter 4: Functions and Program Structure 1. Basics of Functions 2. Functions Returning Non-integers 3. External Variables 4. Scope Rules 5. Header Files 6. Static Variables 7. Register Variables 8. Block Structure 9. Initialization 10. Recursion 11. The C Preprocessor 1. File Inclusion 2. Macro Substitution 3. Conditional Inclusion 5. Chapter 5: Pointers and Arrays 1. Pointers and Addresses 2. Pointers and Function Arguments 3. Pointers and Arrays 4. Address Arithmetic 5. Character Pointers and Functions 6. Pointer Arrays; Pointers to Pointers 7. Multi-dimensional Arrays 8. Initialization of Pointer Arrays 9. Pointers vs. Multi-dimensional Arrays 10. Command-line Arguments 11. Pointers to Functions 12. Complicated Declarations 6. Chapter 6: Structures 1. Basics of Structures 2. Structures and Functions 3. Arrays of Structures 4. Pointers to Structures 5. Self-referential Structures 6. Table Lookup 7. Typedef 8. Unions 9. Bit-fields 7. Chapter 7: Input and Output 1. Standard Input and Output 2. Formatted Output - printf 3. Variable-length Argument Lists 4. Formatted Input - Scanf 5. File Access 6. Error Handling - Stderr and Exit 7. Line Input and Output 8. Miscellaneous Functions 1. String Operations 2. Character Class Testing and Conversion 3. Ungetc 4. Command Execution 5. Storage Management 6. Mathematical Functions 7. Random Number generation 8. Chapter 8: The UNIX System Interface 1. File Descriptors 2. Low Level I/O - Read and Write 3. Open, Creat, Close, Unlink 4. Random Access - Lseek 5. Example - An implementation of Fopen and Getc 6. Example - Listing Directories 7. Example - A Storage Allocator l Appendix A: Reference Manual 1. Introduction 2. Lexical Conventions 3. Syntax Notation 4. Meaning of Identifiers 5. Objects and Lvalues 6. Conversions 7. Expressions 8. Declarations 9. Statements 10. External Declarations 11. Scope and Linkage 12. Preprocessor 13. Grammar l Appendix B: Standard Library 1. Input and Output: 1. File Operations 2. Formatted Output 3. Formatted Input 4. Character Input and Output Functions 5. Direct Input and Output Functions 6. File Positioning Functions 7. Error Functions 2. Character Class Tests: 3. String Functions: 4. Mathematical Functions: 5. Utility Functions: 6. Diagnostics: 7. Variable Argument Lists: 8. Non-local Jumps: 9. Signals: 10. Date and Time Functions: 11. Implementation-defined Limits: and l Appendix C: Summary of Changes
Date : 2010-12-25
Size : 557.26kb
User : wukoo0901@qq.com