Keylogging and phishing attacks can extract user identity and sensitive account information for unauthorized access to users’ financial accounts. Most existing or proposed solutions are vulnerable to session hijacking attacks. We propose a simple approach to counter these attacks, which cryptographically separates a user’s long-term secret input from (typically untrusted) client PCs a client PC performs most computations but has access only to temporary secrets. The user’s long-term secret (typically short and low-entropy) is input through an independent personal trusted device such as a cellphone.

(good)Using a Personal Device to Strengthen Password Authentication from an Untrusted Computer.pdf

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